Leishmania is transmitted by an infected mosquito or sand-fly

Symptoms of Leishmania:

• Skin lesions
• Ocular abnormalities
• Epistaxis (nose bleed)
• Weight loss
• Lethargy
• Abnormal nail growth
• Splenomegaly
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Colitis
• Lameness
• Organ dysfunction

Causes of Leishmania

• Bitten by an infected mosquito 

Prevention of Leishmania:

• Spot on which repels sandflies and mosquitoes
• Collar which repels sandflies and mosquitoes
• Yearly Leishmania blood test
• Yearly Leishmania Vaccination

Ehrlichia: is transmitted by an infected tick, the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)

Anaplasma and babesia: are transmitted by an infected tick, the deer tick (Ixodes species). The parasite grows and reproduces inside the red blood cells of the infected animal 

Symptoms of ehrlichia:

• Fever
• Lethargy
• Weight loss
• Difficulty breathing
• Anaemia
• Lack of appetite
• Loss of coordination
• Swollen lymph nodes

Causes of ehrlichia:

• Bite of an infected ticks

Prevention of Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and babesia:

• Spot on
• Tablet
• Collar
• Yearly blood test for tick borne diseases

Parvo is a deadly virus, transmission occurs through contaminated animal, clothes, shoes, object surface or environment. Puppies that are not vaccination are highly exposed to parvo virus. 

Symptoms of parvo:

• Bloody diarrheaa
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Weakness
• Dehydration
• Depression

Causes of parvo:

• Lack of proper vaccination
• Systematic stress from other illnesses
• Poor hygiene
• Exposure to infected feces, animals, clothes, shoes, object, surfaces etc..

Prevention of Parvo:

• First vaccines completed properly accordingly to age
• Parvo blood test check in case of diarrhoea
• Mother with puppies need to be vaccinated properly to protect herself and her puppies as the puppies depend on the mothers antibodies for the first few weeks of life.
• Puppies should not come into contact with unvaccinated dogs until the puppies have received all the parvo vaccinations.

Distemper is a disease transmitted through air, sharing of contaminated objects, direct contact with infected dogs and mother to offspring.

Symptoms of distemper:

• Fever
• Nasal discharge
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Clear nasal discharge 

Causes of distemper:

• Infected animal, object, surface, clothes, shoes
• Poor hygiene
• Airbone exposure

Stage 2:

• Head tilt
• Circling
• Partial or full paralysis
• Seizures

Prevention of distemper:

• Keeping annual vaccinations up to date and throughout the dog’s life and avoiding gaps in vaccination
• Routine disinfection of the surfaces, bowls, bedding
• Avoiding contact between contagious pets
• Ensure puppies receive the full series of distemper vaccinations
• Distemper Blood tests check

Giardia is parasitic infection, transmitted by the ingestion of the parasite (by drinking or eating something that has been contaminated by feces. The parasite lives in the intestines of mammals. 

Symptoms of giardia:

• Loose feces
• Dehydration
• Nausea
• Abdominal pain

Causes of giardia

• Spread from dogs feces, surfaces, soil, water, food
• Poor hygiene 

Prevention of Giradia:

• Clean contaminated surfaces, objects
• Avoid contact with infected dogs
• Change clothes and shoes after the contact of an infected dog
• Giardia fecal test check
• Health vet check

Demodex is an infectious skin disease caused by mites and can cause hair loss, inflammation, and bacterial infections. The parasite is found living on the hair follicles of the dogs. Every dog has skin mites and unless their immune system is compromised, the mites will not respond (not wake up). 

Symptoms of demodex:

• Hair loss in patches
• Inflammation of the skin
• Excessive oil on the skin
• Crusting of the skin
• Swollen paws

Causes of demodex:

• Low immune system
• Senior dogs when the immune system weakens

Prevention of Demodex:

• Repair and restore immune system
• Minimize stress as it can weaken the immune system
• Avoid contact with infected dogs
• Balanced diet
• Tick and flea treatment
• Medicated baths
• Health check by a vet